ON MALAYSIAN LITERATURE

The Emergence and Involvement of Women Writers in Malaysia.

Khadijah Hashim (novelist), Siti Zaleha M Hashim (poet) and Zurinah Hassan, with Norhayati Ab.Rahman. 

The emergence and involvement  of women writers can be traced to the pioneering figures, Ibu Zain, Kamariah Saadon, Jahlelawati and later  Adibah Amin, Zaharah Nawawi and Khadijah Hashim,  Ibu Zain or Hajah Zainon Sulaiman, (1903-1989)  who was a teacher with English education is remembered as an advocater of education for girls through her writings in Majalah Guru or Bulan Melayu, . Bulan Melayu was the first women’s magazine in Malaysia, initiated by Ibu Zain herself  and it played an important role in creating awareness amongst women on the importance of education.

Creative writings in modern fictions began in 1934, with the production of a short story Kesedihan Perkahwinan Paksa (The Misery of Forced Marriage) by Hafsah, published in a magazine, Pengasuh. Later in the same year, a fiction entitled Waktu Isyak Menangkap Pencuri written by Siti Nurmah, was published. However, novels written by women writers surfaced much later, that is, as late as 1941, about 15 years after the first novel written by a man writer.

Where Poetry is concerned, Women have been involved in poetry writing since 1930 with the emergence of a poem in a newspaper Lidah Benar by  Hasnah Brahim, and later, on May 7, 1936,  Zainun Nasir published her poem entitled "Women Must Wake Up”,   in the magazine Al-Hikmah. Other names detected before 1940 were Perawan Kampung, Kalthum Awang dan Wok Jamilah.

            The earliest short story written by a woman was recorded as Kecelakaan Pemalas by Nor Ibrahim published in Pengasuh February 1920.  Followed by Azizah who wrote Doktor Mahmud in Mastika Mach 1947. Other names to emerge after 1948 included Kalsom Haji Saadon, Adibah Amin, Salmi Manja, Hamidah Hassan and Hamsiah Muslim.  According to Norhayati Ab Rahman women writers in the early 1930s attempted to apply specific features in highlighting real-life experiences of women, i.e., in displaying the emotions of joys and sorrows, and in expressing their desires and dislikes. The features that were more noticeable in these novels were the experiences of the women whose lives are subjected to the customs and values which confine and oppress them. The writers showed that generally women at that time were still not free to realize their own dreams and visions as they were still bound by their domestic roles, the influence of men and societal values.  Hence, although the writers tried to voice their demands for the rights and status of women, their voice and bravery at that time were still drowned by the dominance of patriarchy. 

            More women poets appeared in the mid-sixties. They were  Maimoonah Haji Omar, Rahimah M.Y, Noraini Shahrin, Azizah Shahrin, Halimah Haji Ahmad, Aina M, Maznah Ali who became regular contributor in  weekly newspapers such as Utusan Zaman, Mingguan Malaysia and Berita Minggu and monthly magazines  Mastika and Dewan Masyarakat .It was in the early seventies that Zurinah Hassan, Siti Zainon Ismail and Zaihasra dominated the literary scene.

But the work of women writers were generally not given due attention and criticism. There were hardly any write up, review or essay that examines their work in literary magazines or academic journals.

Public opinion about the inferiority of women writer's works began to change in the early 1970s. This change was brought  about by the Malaysian Literary Prize  established in 1971. The literary world seemed surprised when  several  women writers appear as winners. And this proved that women work should not be underestimated.

In 1982, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) published an anthology  of poems by women poets. The anthology, entitled Kembang Melati was compiled  by Suhaimi Haji Muhammad and Pyan Hussein. It includes works of seven poetess  Salmi Manja, Anis Sabirin, Maimoonah Haji Omar, Zurinah Hassan, Muhammad Nor Aini Muhammad, Siti Zainon Ismail and Zaihasra. To date Kembang Melati is the only anthology of women poetry. published by DBP. This was followed by Mustika Diri (DBP, 1994) compiled by  Ahmad Kamal Abdullah and Siti Asiah Murad. Mustika Diri  include writing from all genres  namely poetry, short stories, plays and literary essays. and is an important documentation on the development of women writers in Malaysia,.Included in Mustika Diri are Habsah Hassan, Hasnah Ibrahim,  Khadijah Hashim, Mahaya Mohd Yassin, Maimon Rahman, Mariam Omar, Maznah Ali, Norzeha Kasbi , Radziah M.Zin ,  Rogayah A.Hamid, Sairah Haji Antin, Salmi Manja,  Siti Zainon Ismail, Siti Zaleha M.Hashim,  Zaiton Ajamain, Zakiah Bahari, Zanariah Wan Abdul Rahman and  Zurinah Hassan. As can be seen many names are not as actively involved as before.

Up to 2017, six women writers have been chosen recipient of South East Asia Write Award ( SEA Write Award). They are Adibah Amin, Zaharah Nawawi, Khadijah Hashim, Siti Zainon Ismail, Zurinah Hassan and Azmah Nordin.

Other women writers  of importance are  Siti Zaleha M Hashim, Zaiton Ajmain, Salmiah Ismail, Nisah Harun, Mawar Shafie, Amelia Hashim, Aminah Mokhtar, Ana Balqis, Rosmiaty Shaari, Rositah Ibrahim, Rosani Hiplee, Azridah Ps Abadi, Hazama Harun, Kathirina Susanna Tati, Norgadis Labuan, Raihani Mohd.Saaid.Nor Zaiton Hanafi, Zaiton Ahmad, Zaleha Ahmat, Che Soo Ismail,  Raja Rajeswari Seetha Raman, Ramlah Rashid, Dayana Chacooo, Dayangku Mastura, Hani Salwa, Nissa' Yusof, Ainunl Muaiyanah Sulaiman.Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdul Samad, Norazimah Abu Bakar and Teratai Abadi. More poetry books are published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka and Institute of Malaysian Translation and Books (ITBM). More names appear as winners of literary prizes. The prestigious prize at the national level is Hadiah Sastera Perdana.  There are also literary prizes at state level, with the states of Johor, Sabah, Terengganu and Perak being more regular and active. Besides, Utusan Melayu also offer yearly prize known as Hadiah Sastera Kumpulan Utusan (HSKU). This give promising environment for the development of women in writing and intellectualism. 

Women writers make women’s experiences their assets or important bases in the construction of their literary works. Textual meanings that are produced by women writers are not only related to their individual personal needs and wants, but instead reflect the situation and condition of the society that produced it. At the same time, these texts highlight the existence of literary products or art as the socio-cultural documents of Malay society, which can be adopted in drafting the development of a literary institution and society, now or in the future.

Three women writers from Brunei. Hjh Rohaidah, Norsiah Ghapar and Hjh Shaharah. 

THE CURSE OF KUALA KEDAH

(original tittle SUMPAH KUALA KEDAH, Murka Lautan, itbm 2016)

translated by the writer.

Ayub carefully lifted the tray of shrimps that he had put to dry in the sun since morning. He had collected the shrimps from the river behind his house. Shrimps was plentiful especially with the ebbing tide. He brought back the shrimps and soak them in a basin of  water to remove mud and sand. A few minutes later he  changed  the water,  churned and shook the basin to remove more mud. He repeated the process several times to make sure there are no more mud and dirt. The clean shrimp were filtered to drain the water and put to dry on a tray. On sunny days the shrimps only take two or three days to be nicely dried and ready for consumption. Dried shrimps will be  wrapped in a clean white cloth with one end carefully tied up.  The bundle was beaten onto  a coconut trunk nearby to remove the skin of the shrimps. The skin will be separated further by use of a sieve or tampi. The shrimps will then be ready to be packaged for sale.

Every morning his cousin Hassan would come to take the  shrimps to sell at Pekan Rabu. Hassan came home in the evening  to hand over some coins  collected from the sale. Usually they will be a few pieces of five cents coins and a few pieces of one cent copper-coloured coin bearing the image of King George V of England. The money was enough to spend on the family. His mother spend money very carefully. Every day mother will make it a point to put a one cent coin into a round tin, well-kept above the closet. When Ayub was admitted to the Sultan Abdul Hamid College, mother opened the tin and brought out  enough money to buy his school uniforms, books and other needs.

But since last year they no longer use the copper-coloured coins. Those coins no longer have any value in the country. Ayub was sad everytime he recalled how his mother cried because the coins that she saved have become useless. Now they had to use  the Japanese  paper money bearing  the picture of banana tree.

Ayub knew that If he go a little far down the river he would have caught more, but his mother and father disapproved. They would be angry at him "Do not be too brave. You need do all the work. Take care of yourself. Are you not scared of being caught by the Japanese?".  That's what he will hear from his father every time he disappeared from home. Ayub just kept silent, he did not answer back not wanting to argue with his parents. He had been taught that it is a great sin to be rude especially to one’s  mother. But sometimes he tried to explain to her."The Japanese are no longer in Kedah mother. Now Japan has handed Kedah to Siam.  It’s the Siamese who govern us today.”

Ayub too did not dare to go freely here and there. But he had to find some money to survive. Look as if that was the only work the he could do. He had been doing this since he was unable to go to school anymore. Indeed, he was sad and angry with what had happened. Ayub  had just started studying at Maktab Sultan Abdul Hamid. The joy of schooling had been cruelly destroyed when the Japanese invaded his country.  The Japanese caused  havoc  and committed atrocities everywhere. Everyone lived in fear.

In the middle of 1943 Siamese guards and police ware seen patrolling   the town of Alor Setar. They heard that Japan had surrendered Kedah to Siam  supposedly out of  gratitude to the government of Siam for allowing them to walk through to invade Malaya. Ayub felt bitter and sick over this He often grumbled "Who do you think you are. This is too much. How can you turn my state into a gift item. Are we mere slaves who must obey with no right to say anything?”.  But  he dared not speak out. He swallowed the bitter words. They were  stuck in his throat causing more pain in his heart. To Ayub, both  Japanese and Siamese were outsiders  who had no right to do as they please in his inherited land.

After storing the dried shrimp into a container,  Ayub sat down to watch his sisters Lijah and Kamariah and playing in front of the house near the staircase.  His pregnant mother was washing tapioca by their well.

For the time being  the situation was quite safe. Although the Japanese military police called Kempeitai  still exist in Kedah,  they did not behave violently as before towards the civilians. People  say the Japanese were less ruthless because they respected  the  Siamese soldiers sent to watch over the state.

With this condition, the  villagers could go on with their live  although with much struggles and poverty. Lijah and Kamariah could play near the stairs. They collected coconut shells to be used  as their pots and plates.  They collected leaves imagining they were fishes.  They dredged out sand and imagine it was rice. They did what they saw their mother do in the kitchen. They repeated what their mother said with the neighbours. They talked about difficulty of getting rice,  about the children with high  fever, about neighbouring kids with scabies and sore all over the body.

Suddenly, Ayub heard someone calling. He looked up towards the road and saw a group of men carrying something and walking hurriedly toward their home. When Ayub could see clearer his heart pounded faster for what they were carrying was his grandfather. He shouted to his mother who was washing tapioca by the well. His mother, , ran towards the men carrying her father. 'Dad, dad, dad, why? Minah almost cried.

Lijah and Kamariah instantly threw away the coconut shells and the leaves.  "What's wrong with Tok Wan. Is Tok Wan  dead?” They both broke into tears.

Ayub’s grand father, Darus was lifted and placed on the platform in front of the stairs. Grand children felt a bit relieved when Darus waved his hand and coughed. Darus made some signs and asked to be laid by his side. He moaned that his back hurt terribly. Minah lifted Darus shirt revealing    bruises on his back.  Everyone shook their heads .

More  neighbours came to the house when they noticed the commotion. The concerned neighbours ask what had happened to Darus "Ah the wicked Siamese police ...." said Ahmad one of the men who brought Darus home . He was still holding Darus head,  and breathing fast out of sheer anger.

"Why? What's wrong? More questions asked

"The Siamese police kicked him and he fell on his face to the ground. They kicked him several time and we thought he was dead” explained Dolah with angry voice. They happened to be on the scene.

Uda Leman ran to scoop water from the well with a bucket. He poured  water onto his palms  and dabbed on Darus face. Minah rushed to the kitchen and returned with a glass of water for Darus to drink. Darus  tried  to sip and his cough subsided a bit. Saidin reached for medicated oil bottle placed near the front door of the house and started massaging  Darus’s chest.

Someone helped to massage Darus’s shoulder to relieve his  pain.Two or three neighbours were massaging his arms and legs.

The neighbours were really sad with what happened.  Everyone knew how fierce and harsh the  Siamese police and soldiers were as they patrol the streets of Alor Setar.

"Well, Pak Darus was cycling in front of the police station. At that time they were raising the Siames flag and the national anthem  was being played. As usual everyone is expected to stand upright. Darus did not stop. So this is the terrible things that happened to him. He was stopped and beatened by the bastard police.

Minah was almost in tears when she ask her father "Why didnt you stop? You know very well that we have to stop and stand straight to show our respect everytime they raise the flag. We hate to do such thing but we have no choice because they can shoot us to death.  “

Darus rubbed his chest and finally he could utter a few words "How could  I stop when  I could not hear the anthem being played.  As you know, my ears are not good anymore”  Darus broke into a long uncontrollable cough that tore through his chest and alarmed everyone present.

When the coughing subsided ,Minah spoke while still massaging Darus’s chest, "Poor Dad. He cannot hear properly nowadays. He can hear a bit if we talk near him but if we go a bit far he cannot make up anything. "

"That is why we are worried and did not like father to cycle to  town. It is very dangerous when he hardly hear the cars. "

Minah knew that his father was cycling  to Tengku Sulaiman’s house. The Tengku was their regular customer. He always bought their shrimp. “Actually we did not allow father to go anywhere alone. He is old and not feeling well. But my father is a stubborn man. He said he need to go out and sweat a bit. If he stay at home he will feel weaker. Oh how can the police treat my father like this. He is so old and weak” Minah spoke almost in tears.

Darus was carried into the house and placed on his bed. He moaned and groaned  in pain. He hardly swallow his food and became weaker. He never recovered from the  atrocities  of the Siamese. Three days later Darus breathed his last. Minah came back from the burial ground and immediately had labour pain.  She gave birth to a premature baby. Coincidently that day was Ayub’s birthday. His new brother was named Hamid.

Since the incidence of his grandfather being kicked by Siamese police, Ayub did not talk much. He was often silent and pensive. He spent time looking outside the window.  A stretch of swampy land extended to the row of hills. He became more sad and remorse when the sun set and the hills disappeared in  darkness. The anger was seething in his chest. His head felt like a smoky heat. He was frustrated that foreigners can come to their country and do whatever they like. They treated the natives very badly. They were cruel  to elderly people who were weak and  helpless like his grandfather Darus.

Kuala Kedah 2003

It was a tranquil evening in Kuala Kedah when Datuk Ayub walked into a restaurant with his brother Hamid and Hamid’s sons Kamal and Hisham. People who recognized Ayub stood up in respect. Ayub returned their smiles and greeting even though he did not recognize most of them. Hamid walked beside him feeling proud of his brother’s position. Kamal and Hisham too were equally proud to be walking with their uncle,  a man with important position and quiet well known in the country.

They sat at a table with a nice table runner and  a small vase of flowers.  "Today is uncle and father’s birthday." said Hisham and Kamal. "Oh so you plan this as a surprise?" said Hamid and Ayub  almost simultaneously.

Datuk Ayub turned seventy four years old today. He felt grateful to Allah that he could still stand and walk on His earth, though his  doctor had made it compulsory for him to be present at the hospital once a  month for monitoring. Hamid was fourteen years younger,  but he was thinner and  with more health problems. Hamid was shorter and smaller than Ayub. People had made remarks about this but he took it in  good face. He even joked, "It’s because I was born during the Japanese occupation. My mother only had tapioca to eat when she was pregnant with me, so she did not have much milk”

Datuk Ayub certainly remember that today was his birthday and the birthday of his brother Hamid. Every time he faced this date he would be much disturbed. He remembered  very well his grandfather moaning in  pain after being kicked by the Siamese guards in front of Alor Setar police station in 1943. He had repeatedly related the incidents to his son and nephews. He repeated the story again and again whenever he was invited to give a lecture or talk at Historical seminar and forums.

After retiring from public service, Ayub spent more time heading the Kedah Historical Society. It was also a way of overcoming his loneliness after his only son decided to live in a foreign country, while his wife was occupied with her activities as the President of National Women's Association. He came back to Kedah regularly to participate in the society’s activities. When in Kedah, he rarely stay in hotels. He preferred to stay with Hamid in a comfortable house  built at the site of their original family house. There he felt very close to the past. Hamid was his only surviving brother. Lijah and Kamariah died of beriberi which attacked many children at the time of war and malnutrition.

Ayub was not a History student in the University but he was deeply interested  in history particularly the history of Kedah. He read many books and subscribed to  Historical journals. In his view, Kedah occupied a unique place in history being  the oldest empire in the Peninsular. Since the 13th century Kedah had been a sovereign state with a  famous city port  in Sungai Bujang. His state  history had been written in glorious ink. But the colour of gold began to fade when Siam emerge as a great power. Siam, now known as Thailand adopted an imperialistic policy expanding its colonies and succeeded in forcing the northern states of Malaya including Kedah to send bunga emas or gold flower as a tribute. In 1791 Siam conquered the Malay Sultanate of Patani comprising the provinces of Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat and renamed it  Pattani Changwat.

In the mid 18th century, British and French fleets roamed the native water of Southeast Asia with their policy of expansion.  In 1786 the Sultan of Kedah was forced to hand over the island of Penang to the East India Company, headed by Captain Francis Light. Ayub could imagine the pain in the heart of a Sultan having to forgo a part of his land and sovereignty to a foreign power. But the Sultan had no choice because he was  in sheer need of protection from the Siamese attack.  Not enough with that, the East India Company coveted the strip of territory opposite Penang Island. The Company acquired the land and renamed it Province Wellesley.  There was some payment and compensation but it was still a  lost  of honour.

Penang changed hands, but when Siam attacked Kedah in 1821, the English did not help. Britain had reneged on a small country that cannot fight back.  Kedah came under the clutches of Siam.

Not that they did not fight back. The land had recorded names of brave warriors. There were Tunku Kudin who headed a fight to restore the dignity of the country in 1831 and Tunku Mohammad Saad who sacrificed his life in an attempt to repel the attackers. Tunku Mohammad Saad succeeded in chasing away the Siamese as far as Singora or Songkhla. Unfortunately the success did not last long. Siam counter-attacked with more violence. How painful it was when the British sided Siam as they realize that friendship with Siam will be more profitable.

With the support of Britain, Siam was not afraid to do anything. Part of what had happened could be read in the account of Sherard Osborn a naval officer in one of British warships sent to blockade and to suppress upheaval in Kedah. On his arrival Osborn saw and recorded the deeds of unimaginable atrocities and utmost cruelty of Siames soldiers on the poor people of Kedah.  Sherard Osborn recorded the the bloody accounts in his book The Blockade of Kedah in 1838 . He described the various methods of torture. One method was cooking people alive. Prisoners were stripped naked and put into a hollow of tree trunks. Then a slow steady fire was maintained round it. excruciating shrieks and howls of pain of the victims was an entertainment to the devilish  soldiers.

The tale of Osborn  coupled with the memory of his beloved grandfather groaning in pain after being  kicked by a Siamese policeman drove to Ayub’s head like fire and smoke. But there was nothing that he could do except thank God that everything was over. He was grateful that his children and grandchildren were spared the horror and panic of living during wartime.

When the war ended, Ayub was able to continue schooling.  He gained admission to the University of Malaya then situated in Singapore. He took a train with a transit at Bukit Mertajam. The journey from Alor Setar to Singapore took at least two days.

"Were  you studying with Dr. Mahathir uncle? " His nephew Kamal asked

"Dr. Mahathir was  younger. He  came in when I was already in the final year” Ayub explained..

Ayub graduated and served as a government officer.  Hamid became a  contractor and did some business. Hamid’s footsteps was followed by his son Hisham while another son  Kamal lived quite comfortably as a bank officer. The place  where they were having dinner that night was one of Hisham’s Seafood restaurants. 

Ayub  incessantly advised his children, nephews and the younger generation to take the opportunity provided by the government. Ayub often  said to Kamal and Hisham, "You are both lucky being born when  the  country is no longer under invasion and suppression. You can go to school and do business freely. Your father and I had suffered a lot”

"But now we face other forms of difficulties especially in doing business. Not like those who live on a fixed salary  like Kamal” Said Hisham

"The most complicated problem for  contractors is managing employees. We are very dependent on labour force. Sometimes we have ample manpower failed to get any contract. Sometimes we manage to obtain a job but but did have not enough workers”

Hamid, who had been listening their conversation attentively chipped in, "The main problem of businessmen everywhere in this country is keeping reliable workforce. We have to depend on foreign workers when our own youths prefer to be unemployed rather than  do a laborous  job.  Last year our cousin, Salma, pleaded me to give a job to his son, Mokhtar. Well I thought why not . I was more than happy to give money to my own relative. But see what happen, Mokhtar only work for less than three months. He said I make him do all sort of things and make up untrue stories against me. Salma believed his words and did not speak to me. We are not on good term anymore  "

"I know  that Mokhtar. I used to see him playing truant. I found him wandering in supermarkets during school times. He had no pity for  his mother who work hard to get him money for schooling. He spent money at the game stations”.  Kamal added.

They eat their dinner while talking and observing the surrounding. From the table they could clearly see the road, the estuary and the pier jutting  out into the open sea. Unfortunately the beautiful evening  view by the seaside was disrupted by irritating sound of screeching tires of motocycles being driven fast on the road. It was a common sight of  street racing by the youths, mostly local. Hisham who understood what was  lingering  in his uncle’s mind said. “ Look at them, what a show off, causing public disturbance. They are not afraid to die. The government widen and improved roads  but the youths   misuse it to race for cheap thrills. Even the police fail to control.  Yesterday Uncle Halim, our former chef came here crying because his son met with an  accident. His son go racing all the time despite his mother’s plea and persuasions to stop. The accident was bad and his leg has to be amputated. Now he is causing more hardship and misery to his parents”

Ayub took a deep breath and sigh.  He heard such news many times before. He felt very old and tired of hearing such news of youngsters wasting their live away, getting killed in road accidents due to ruthless driving and racing. Many more die or leading a useless live as drug addicts. Besides these there were also news of unmarried mothers abandoning their babies in garbage  bins and everywhere.  So many  Malay schoolboys  were wasting their time at game stations in the shopping complexes. With this situation, what is going to happen to his race and his mother land?  Is his race  heading  for a defeat while other races are improving themselves and strengthening their position even sharpening their weapons.

Ayub eyes fixed on the fort of  Kuala Kedah across the river. The fort  was still standing like a lonely monument, overlooking the estuary where blood had splashed and thousands of his predecessors  tortured and killed.  There was a scar that cannot be erased. But how many people passing by it had stop to recall the history and read the massage? Ayub recalled the words of George Santayana "People who do not learn from history will be cursed by history to repeat their mistakes." The words are often quoted by Dr.Mahahtir in his speeches.

The straits was calm and the wave was low. The estuary was beautiful. There was no more alien enemies to be seen terrorizing  his people like what Sherard Osborn had written in his book. Unfortunately his people  are inflicting injuries and hardship on themselves.

Before returning home Datuk Ayub took pictures of the fort of Kuala Kedah with his hand phone camera. That night Datuk Ayub typed and send a new entry into his blog. He uploaded the image of the fort Kuala Kedah and wrote  a poem underneath,

The Fort of Kuala Kedah

Still stand strong
But I wont be here for long

Before I go I leave this message to remind

What history have left behind

Now that we are free of foreign enemies
Let us not  inflict our own injury

Oh you my grand children

See  what history has written

At the fort of Kuala Kedah, read it

or you will be cursed to repeat.

SOME NOTES ON MURKA LAUTAN (THE WRATH OF THE OCEAN.)

My latest collection of short stories is Murka Lautan (The Wrath of the Ocean), published by Institute of Translation and Books Malaysia,  2016 It is a portrayal of Malaysian life in recent days.

The term short story apparently means a story that is short, as compared to a long story of a novel. In spite of the word story,   what is to  be delivered in a short story is not a 'story' but issues in a society while a story is an element required to bring the issues.  Although short stories and novels are termed as fiction, the purpose of writing is to convey the realities of life. The reality is blended in the craft of language befitting a work of literature.

Short stories give more space for elaboration and discussion  while poetry  is considered an outburst of feelings.  I write on issues hovering my mind such as the split among the Malay community who are  divided by their political stands. This triggered the writing of Cerita Berangkai Hulu Negeri (The Chained Stories of Upstream States) .

I have written several pieces out of my concern for the  younger generation. Why are they racing on the roads and getting killed or disabled in accidents? School goers are playing truants, wasting their precious time and their parents hard earned money at game stations. An example of such short stories, The Curse Of Kuala Kedah is included in this book. This is a sad tale of the state of Kedah, where I was born. The state was attacked and the people tortured mercilessly by the Siamese. The horror of war is over but regretfully  the youth are inflicting their own injury.

The issue of youth  lulled by unworthy entertainment is also highlighted in another short story, Menara Impian.(The Coveted Mineret)

If the younger generations are going astray, the elders are to be blamed. There are short stories in which I criticized  those who have neglected their role as leaders of the families and leaders of the nation. In The Wrath of The Ocean (Murka Lautan), the wrath refer to the tsunami sweeping the shores of Southeast Asia in December 2004.  A top government official was flying to Phuket for the fun of his life not knowing that his daughter was travelling by road to the same island full of anxiety to be photographed for a cultural magazine. What she did not know was, they had prepared to trick her into phonography.   Fortunately  father and daughter were helped by God Almighty and spared the worst. They were given the chance to return home and to the right path.

Another grief in my heart is caused by the loss of Malay lands to immigrants and foreigners. “Diamond Brooch of Wan Tempawan” reveal how royal ladies have been taken advantage of by the Arab and Indian merchants who sold to them jewellery on instalment  basis. More often the instalment involved mortgaging of lands with the usually illiterate and trusting ladies not understanding fully the terms and conditions.  They end up losing their lands.

Poverty is always a major problem. Blame this on the bad governance  and mismanagement of the country. Poverty breed crime in “Tangisan Peragut” (Tears of a Snatcher).   Life is now harder for the rubber tappers with  falling rubber prices. Condition became bad that a poor father braved into a sundry shop just to steal some rice and salted  fish to feed a hungry crying child. This is portrayed in Kecurian di kedai ayah )( Break in into my father’s shop) 

Beside composing poems, I am also translating poetry from Malay to English and vice versa. More often I translated my work but there are also a few of others occasionally. The poem below is one of them.

It is a hard work but it pays off especially when my own translation into English could in turn attract other translaters who bring them to other languages . This is how my poems originally published in dual language Malay/English found their way into Spanish, Russian, French and Japanese. I am especially thankful to Malaysian Institute of Translation and Books (ITBM) for their function and hard work especially in finding publishing partners round the world. 

THE WATER FLOWERS

We should learn a lesson

From the  water garden,

from the flowers that never sink

We should  learn

from the lotus 

how the muddy stems

hold the flower above

Brilliant and lustrous,

We should all learn 

From the water lily

in the water so muddy

keeping white petals  in purity

Our path may be gloomy,

As the  river is sometimes  dirty

Let us learn from the water  plants

To uphold  our integrity.

Zurinah Hassan-Malaysia